Gustave Lanson

French historian and literary critic. He taught at the Sorbonne in Paris.

Lanson was a major figure in the reformation of the French university system at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as a dominant force in French literary criticism until well after his death. He is known primarily for his writings on literary history, particularly his attempts to fuse the studies of literature and of culture, proposing the idea of "literary sociology," a complex formulation of the relationship between social influences on an author, readers' expectations, and the text.

He died on 15 December 1934.